Ovarian Cyst Management

What is an Ovarian Cyst?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside an ovary. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own, but some may cause complications, including pain, hormonal imbalances, or fertility issues. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications and ensure reproductive health.

What are the types of Ovarian Cysts?

There are different types of ovarian cysts, including:

Functional Cysts: The most common type, formed during the normal menstrual cycle. They include follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts.
Dermoid Cysts: Also known as mature cystic teratomas, they contain tissues such as hair, skin, and teeth.
Endometriomas: Cysts that form due to endometriosis, a condition where the tissue lining the uterus grows outside the uterus.
Cystadenomas: Cysts that develop from ovarian tissue and can be filled with fluid or mucus.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms, but when they grow larger or rupture, they can lead to:

Pelvic Pain – Dull or sharp pain in the lower abdomen, often on one side.
Irregular Menstrual Cycles – Late, heavy, or painful periods.
Abdominal Bloating – Feeling of fullness or heaviness in the abdomen.
Painful Intercourse – Discomfort or deep pelvic pain during sexual activity.
Frequent Urination or Bowel Changes – Pressure from larger cysts affecting the bladder or intestines.
Sudden Severe Pain & Nausea – A ruptured cyst may cause intense pain, dizziness, or vomiting (medical emergency).

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts

The treatment for ovarian cysts depends on the size, symptoms, and type of cyst. Common treatment options include:

Watchful Waiting – Small, asymptomatic cysts may resolve on their own and require periodic monitoring.
Hormonal Therapy – Birth control pills or hormone treatments to prevent new cyst formation.
Pain Management – Over-the-counter pain relievers to ease discomfort.
Minimally Invasive Surgery (Laparoscopy) – Used to remove large, persistent, or symptomatic cysts.
Ovarian Cystectomy or Hysterectomy – In severe cases, removal of the cyst or entire ovary may be necessary.

Complications and Follow-up

While most ovarian cysts are benign, complications can occur, such as: